Rabbi Jason Miller

Friday, March 04, 2005

Max will be missed in Michigan and throughout the world

Max Fisher, ‘dean’ of Jewish life,
dies at 96 as community mourns

By Rachel Pomerance

NEW YORK, March 8 (JTA) — A defining moment in the life of Max Fisher, the son of immigrants who became a Jewish icon, came in a meeting with former President Eisenhower in 1965.

As head of the United Jewish Appeal at the time, Fisher met Eisenhower to ask him to address the UJA on the 20th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps. But during that meeting, he learned he would change history.

Eisenhower told Fisher he regretted forcing Israel out of the Sinai when he was president during the 1956 Arab-Israeli War.

“Max, if I had a Jewish adviser working for me, I doubt I would have handled the situation the same way,” Eisenhower is quoted as saying in Fisher’s biography, “Quiet Diplomat,” written by Peter Golden.

“That’s the day that Max figured out what he was going to do. He wanted to be that adviser,” Golden told JTA in a phone interview.

Fisher, about whom superlatives are routinely used to describe his power and leadership in the American Jewish community, died March 3 at his home in Detroit. He was 96.

He was buried in Detroit on Sunday, with a reported 1,300 people attending the funeral.

Hours after his death, e-mail messages made the rounds of major Jewish organizations and activists to alert them of the death of a man who not only led many major Jewish organizations but also exercised enormous political power, personally advising Republican presidents for nearly half a century.

“The State of Israel has lost a true friend, who was one of its greatest supporters,” Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon said in his Cabinet meeting Sunday.

“To a large degree, it is due to Max Fisher’s activism that approximately 1 million new immigrants came to Israel from Ethiopia and the former Soviet Union in the 1990s,” he said, referring to Fisher’s work to prioritize aliyah for the Jewish Agency for Israel after the fall of the iron curtain.

“I dubbed him the ‘dean’ of the community, and he certainly was until his last day,” said Malcolm Hoenlein, executive vice chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations.

Howard Rieger, president and CEO of the United Jewish Communities, called Fisher a “quintessential Jewish leader and visionary who dominated American Jewish philanthropy for half a century.”

Fisher had been honorary chair of the UJC.

In the world of Jewish volunteer leaders, Max Fisher was a “giant,” Rieger said.

For Jane Sherman, one Fisher’s five children, the outpouring was overwhelming.

“I got a call from Israel. They wanted to bury him on Mt. Herzl,” the site reserved for Israel’s most celebrated heroes, she said. The family declined.

Many Israeli dignitaries called to offer condolences, along with Presidents George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush and Gerald Ford.

“We didn’t only lose a father,” said Sherman, co-chairwoman of the Israel Department of the Jewish Agency. Fisher was the founding chairman of the Jewish Agency’s board of governors.

“He was a role model for us as well as the rest of the world,” she said.

“It’s the end of an era, but he leaves a legacy for everyone and not only Jews,” she said. “The city of Detroit is in mourning.”

Fisher was born in Pittsburgh on July 15, 1908 to Russian immigrants. The family soon moved to Salem, Ohio, where Max was one of the few Jews in town.

He attended Ohio State University on a football scholarship; he played linebacker.

Fisher earned his wealth in oil and real estate. Last year, Forbes valued his fortune at $775 million.

The magazine ranked him at 383 on its list of the 400 richest people in America. He was also the oldest.

Those close to Fisher speak in near-mythic terms of his humility and his ability to mentor and lead communities — essentially, to speak softly and carry a big stick.

“He was the ultimate leader,” said Robert Aronson, CEO of the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit, where Fisher served several years as president.

“He taught people that the most important thing you could do, no matter how wealthy or influential you were, was to give back to your community,” Aronson said. “That was his spiritual belief.”

Noting that “people listened to Max,” Aronson said, “I would call him the 800-pound gorilla of the Jewish world. There won’t be another one like him.”

Fisher helped finance the Detroit Symphony Orchestra’s Max M. Fisher Music Center, known as “The Max.”

But Jewish philanthropy was his main charitable mission.

Even as much of the Jewish community struggled to emerge from the shadow of an immigrant culture, and often was excluded from elite society, Fisher already had made it.

None other than the son of Henry Ford, known for his anti-Semitic beliefs, became one of Fisher’s best friends — and eventually a major contributor to Detroit’s Jewish federation, said Joel Tauber, a Detroit resident and friend of Fisher’s for 40 years.

“He was the leading Jew in North America,” said Tauber, noting that Fisher at different times led the Jewish Agency for Israel, the United Jewish Appeal and the United Israel Appeal.

After the Holocaust and the storms surrounding Israel’s creation, he, Fisher and others were hungry to rush to Israel’s aid, Tauber said.

“When anything involved Israel or the safety of Jews, we were like fire horses. We heard the bell, and we ran,” he said.

Israeli Vice Prime Minister Shimon Peres issued a statement on Fisher’s death.

“Max Fisher was living proof that the American Dream was the continent’s reality. From humble beginnings, he created an empire. And as soon as he built his wealth, he began to share it. He lived by the dictum that wealth created should be wealth given away,” Peres said.

The organized Jewish world was never the same after Fisher spearheaded UJA efforts, Peres said.

“Max Fisher was the best sort of leader. He was a leader that nurtured leaders,” he said. “If the Jewish people and Israel are enjoying the commitment of an excellent group of lay leaders, it is thanks to the example of a life of commitment that has been the life of Max Fisher.”

Matthew Brooks, executive director of the Republican Jewish Coalition, which Fisher founded in 1985, echoed those sentiments.

“The reason we are here today and the success we are seeing has a direct lineage to the vision he saw many decades ago. When he gave advice, people knew not only that the advice was correct, but there were no other hidden agendas,” Brooks said, noting that Fisher never took an ambassadorship or other government perk.

Those who had the chance to work with Fisher valued his loyalty, his access and his personal philosophy — patience and persistence.

For example, when Tauber chaired the original committee for the rocky merger of the Council of Jewish Federations and the United Jewish Appeal, Fisher stood by him when others attempted to derail it, he said.

“He’s just very tenacious,” Tauber said.

Former U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz said he met with Fisher frequently, and worked with him to help organize a “soft landing” for Israel’s inflated economy in the 1980s.

“Every pore of him was constructive,” Shultz told JTA. “He could criticize things but was always looking for something positive, to make it better.”

Shultz remembered Fisher leading a delegation of 100 American entrepreneurs to Israel to consider buying Israeli products and locating factories there.

“Max could always get an audience because everyone respected him so much,” Shultz said. “You didn’t think of him as a guy who was lobbying for you, you thought of him as a guy who was helping you.”

Fisher always made his agenda clear, and made room for those who could further it.

Shoshana Cardin of Baltimore is a veteran Jewish leader whose politics usually were Democratic.

Still, Fisher would invite Cardin to State Department dinners because he thought she could advance their common cause.

Cardin marveled at Fisher’s dedication and access, noting that presidents took his calls immediately.

Yet Cardin said she was surprised to learn from his assistant that when Fisher was in Israel for business he often ate dinner by himself in his hotel room. He didn’t get many dinner invitations, she was told, so she invited him to join a group of friends one night, and he joined them with pleasure.

Cardin surmised that others were intimidated by Fisher, or simply assumed he would be busy with loftier engagements.

In his absence, the Jewish community will experience the loss of a colossal mentor and father figure, she said.

No other senior adviser is as respected as Fisher by so many people, both in the United States and in Israel, she said. If someone had a problem, he or she “could go to Max, and Max could help straighten it out.

“There is no Max who can do that now. There is no one who could take his place,” Cardin said.

Howard Kohr, executive director of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, said Fisher was the consummate networker, always making sure people got in touch with the people Fisher thought they should know.

“If you look over the history of the U.S.-Israel relationship, it’s hard to find a single private individual who had a greater role on behalf of the State of Israel than Max,” Kohr said.

Former U.S. Secretary of State James Baker called Fisher an “extraordinary friend” who was a major force in the Republican Party.

“Back in the day when Max started, there were not a lot of prominent Jews supporting the Republican Party,” Baker said. “And he built it up really darn good.”

Fisher was “plugged in,” Baker said.

American presidents and secretaries of state wanted to talk to him because he was talking to the Israeli players, and Israeli prime ministers worked with him because he was speaking with American leaders.

The relationships also were personal. When Fisher fell and broke his hip a year ago, he received phone calls from three presidents — Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush.

When Fisher entered a room, the head table became wherever he sat, said Rabbi Israel Singer, chairman of the World Jewish Congress.

“He spoke very softly,” said Singer, one of Ford’s campaign advisers. “They had to lean over to hear what he was saying, but it resonated.”

Singer described Fisher as “supra-organizational” and a “born chairman.”

“Most guys push their way to the front,” he said. But not Max Fisher. Instead, “the front came to him.”

Fisher, whose first wife, Sylvia Fisher, died from rheumatic heat fever, is survived by his wife, Marjorie Fisher.

He is also survived by Jane Sherman, the only child of his first marriage; his second wife’s children, Mary Fisher and Phillip Fisher, who he adopted; and Marjorie Fisher and Julie Cummings, daughters of his second marriage. He is survived by 14 grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren.

© JTA

Wednesday, March 02, 2005

Michigan Man admits role in aiding Hizballah

From the Detroit Free Press

Dearborn resident faces prison term

BY DAVID ASHENFELTER
March 2, 2005

A 33-year-old Dearborn man pleaded guilty Tuesday to conspiring to provide material support to a terrorist group.

The U.S. Attorney's Office said Mahmoud Youssef Kourani hosted meetings in his home in the 6000 block of Argyle in late 2002 where a guest speaker from Lebanon solicited donations for Hizballah, which has been designated by the United States as a Lebanese terrorist group. The meetings happened between Nov. 6 and Dec. 6, during Ramadan.

The government didn't identify the speaker at the meetings. It said the money was intended for Hizballah's orphans of martyrs program to benefit the families of those killed in Hizballah operations or by the group's enemies.

The plea came in a deal worked out by Assistant U.S. Attorney Kenneth Chadwell and Kourani's lawyer, William Swor of Detroit, neither of whom would comment.

The charge carries a maximum penalty of 5 years in prison and a $250,000 fine. Kourani is to be sentenced June 14 by U.S. District Judge Robert Cleland.

When Kourani was indicted in November 2003, prosecutors said he was a member, fighter, recruiter and fund-raiser for Hizballah and continued his fund-raising activities in the United States after entering the country illegally from Mexico in 2001. The original terrorism charge carried a maximum penalty of 15 years in prison, upon conviction.

The government said his brother was the group's chief of military security in southern Lebanon.

Kourani has been in custody since May 2003 when he was arrested on a count of harboring an illegal immigrant. He was sentenced to 6 months in jail and was ordered deported in that case.

He's the second person in 14 months to plead guilty to terrorism charges in federal court in Detroit.

In December 2003, Hassan M. Makki, then 42, of Dearborn, was sentenced to 57 months in prison for providing more than $2,000 to Hizballah from proceeds of a North Carolina-to-Detroit cigarette smuggling scheme.

Sunday, February 27, 2005

New Kosher Guidelines (New York Times)

From the NY Times

State Offers Details Online to Help Determine if Food Is Truly Kosher
By JOSEPH P. FRIED

Four and a half years ago, a federal judge declared unconstitutional New York State inspection laws that intended to ensure that kosher-labeled food was kosher. Now the state has begun carrying out a new law that gives consumers information online about the rabbinical authorities that certify products as kosher.

Under the old laws, state inspectors visited stores and sometimes production plants to determine if kosher-labeled products sold or made at the sites were produced under kosher standards. Now, in place of the inspections, the state is creating an Internet database, which went online Thursday. The database provides information to help consumers find out a product's kosher certification.

The new law, enacted in July, requires producers, distributors and retailers of food sold as kosher in the state to submit information - including the identities of the organizations or individuals certifying their products as kosher - for inclusion on the Internet registry. The statute also requires that many of those who do the certifying provide their qualifications, including their education, training and experience. The Internet registry is available at www.agmkt.state.ny.us/kosher.

The new law is intended to avoid the legal pitfalls of the earlier laws, which originated in the late 19th century and were declared unconstitutional in 2000 by Judge Nina Gershon of Federal District Court in Brooklyn. She ruled that those laws had fostered "excessive entanglement" between religion and the state by authorizing kosher to be defined as prepared "in accordance with Hebrew Orthodox religious requirements." She said this standard impermissibly required the state "to rely on religious authority and interpretation" for enforcement.

Her ruling, upheld on appeal, came after a Long Island kosher meat business had been cited for violations under the old laws. The owners of the business, Commack Self-Service Kosher Meats, argued that the statutes had infringed on the rights of Jews who were not Orthodox and who often had different standards of kosher.

Commack's owners were ordered to pay fines after inspectors said they had found improperly soaked and salted meats for sale. Under Jewish dietary laws, animal products must be free of blood to qualify as kosher; a soaking and salting process is mandated to drain the blood. The owners said their procedures had been approved by a Conservative rabbi who supervised their operations. Conservative Jews are generally more flexible than Orthodox Jews on points of dietary law, though the Conservatives say their standards are as valid as Orthodox criteria.

The new law "provides information so consumers of kosher foods can decide themselves if the kosher certification for any product or establishment is one they wish to rely on," said Jessica A. Chittenden, a spokeswoman for the State Department of Agriculture and Markets, which administers the statute.

Even though the law requires some certifiers to state their qualifications, "it does not establish any certifier qualifications nor allow the department to evaluate certifier qualifications," Ms. Chittenden said.

Instead, Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver said, it aids consumers by giving them "specific information about the level of kosher supervision of the products" while satisfying "the constitutional concerns of the courts." Mr. Silver, who strongly backed the new legislation, is an Orthodox Jew.

Several merchants interviewed in Borough Park, Brooklyn, said the registry would have greater value to consumers outside areas like Borough Park, an Orthodox stronghold.

"In this neighborhood, they know," said Simon Benatar, manager of Boro Park Foodmart on 13th Avenue, referring to people's familiarity with the intricacies of kosher law certification.

Ms. Chittenden said that about 2,200 businesses had so far registered more than 160,000 items. But a glance at the registry shows that products are sometimes entered more than once because different sizes of products are individually listed, obscuring how many products are in the registry.

In any case, the registry is expected to grow.

When the old laws were declared unconstitutional in 2000, the agriculture and markets agency said its inspectors had been annually visiting about 4,000 businesses that dealt in kosher products in the state. Under the new law, companies located outside New York that produce kosher-labeled food sold in the state are also obligated to provide the required information.

Penalties for not complying are up to $1,000 for a company's first violation, up to $5,000 for a company's second and up to $10,000 for any additional violation.

A visitor to the Web site can find that Glenview Farms heavy whipping cream, for example, is certified by the Orthodox Union, a group internationally known to kosher food buyers; that Joyce Chen hoisin sauce is approved by KOF-K, another well-known group; and that Great Value frozen concentrated orange juice is certified by Chabad Lubavitch of Southwest Florida.

Some products bear the endorsement of rabbis for whom no group affiliation or qualifications are given. The law requires that only certifiers of "non prepackaged food" submit their qualifications.

How is the average kosher-minded consumer to assess such certifiers?

"For those willing to invest the time to do the research," the registry is "a starting point," said Rabbi David Zwiebel, executive vice president for government and public affairs of Agudath Israel of America, an Orthodox organization. He was part of a group representing Jewish organizations that Mr. Silver and Attorney General Eliot Spitzer formed to help draft the new law.

Rabbi Jerome M. Epstein, executive vice present of the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, said people could also seek guidance from their own rabbis. He called the new approach preferable to having the state "say what is kosher and what isn't."

Friday, March 04, 2005

Max will be missed in Michigan and throughout the world

Wednesday, March 02, 2005

Michigan Man admits role in aiding Hizballah

Sunday, February 27, 2005

New Kosher Guidelines (New York Times)

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